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来源:彩神彩票客户端下载2023-12-19 17:48

  

中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

  中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。

  2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

  日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

  日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

  事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。

  因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。

  日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

  《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

  德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

  日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

  国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。

  太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。

  Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

  By John Lee

  (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

  Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

  The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

  On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

  The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

  In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

  Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

  The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

  The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

  The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

  According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

  As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

  However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

  Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

  The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

  If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.

 

彩神彩票攻略

报告显示:超六成受访者认为应强制企业公开算法******

  光明网讯(记者 李政葳)“当前,国内对于算法治理的基本思路和框架都是清晰的,而分级分类精准治理的模式应当可以解决如何落实的问题。”在日前举办的“2022啄木鸟数据治理论坛”上,谈及算法治理的现状,清华大学人工智能国际治理研究院副院长、人工智能治理研究中心主任梁正表示,算法分级分类本身不是目标,而是要针对不同风险场景配备不同监管规则。

  论坛由南都个人信息保护研究中心联合清华大学人工智能国际治理研究院、人工智能治理研究中心(清华大学)主办。其间,南都个人信息保护研究中心发布《算法应用与治理观察报告》《个人信息安全年度报告》《平台经济反垄断观察报告》。

  记者了解到,《算法应用与治理观察报告(2022)》,梳理了国内外的多项法规,结合热点事件及应用场景呈现了算法治理现状,并发布千份算法治理调查问卷了解公众对算法公开和算法治理的了解程度和基本态度,最后基于多方调查分析,给出了当前算法趋势观察以及未来治理方向建议。

  报告发现,目前国内算法治理仍处于早期探索阶段,企业的算法公开主要依靠官方的互联网信息服务算法备案系统,或在舆情事件发生之后。调查问卷结果显示,近半受访者承认算法让自己的使用体验更好,但仅一成受访者认为企业算法公开做得很好,逾六成的受访者称曾遭遇“大数据杀熟”;超过六成的受访者认为应该强制企业公开算法。

  “在数据、算法方面治理政策进展显著,在平台与应用方面的政策和落地尚需加紧。”中国科学院人工智能伦理与治理研究中心主任、国家新一代人工智能治理专委会委员曾毅认为,目前人工智能伦理有三个相当紧迫的问题需要被正视:首先,人工智能应当被适度使用;其次,目前人工智能服务知情同意落地艰难,被迫知情同意普遍存在;最后,目前用户数据的授权撤销在人工智能服务中存在巨大挑战,需要监管和更高层的网络服务提供方联合提出更合理的政策与解决方案。

  针对日前发布的《互联网信息服务深度合成管理规定》,中国政法大学数据法治研究院教授张凌寒表示,从算法治理角度来说,深度合成管理规定与之前的算法推荐管理规定的思路有所不同,前者采用了一种“三位一体由的数据与技术规范。

  具体来讲,由于深度合成技术的门槛较高,技术支持者也被纳入了监管范围内。比如,深度合成服务提供者提供智能对话、合成人声、人脸生成、沉浸式拟真场景等服务,应当进行显著标识,这就将更重的责任落在了服务提供者身上。

  中国社科院科技和社会研究中心主任段伟文提到,算法治理需要构建可信任的算法认知,而这需要产业和消费者的共同努力:产业要努力提升算法精准性、透明度,减少偏见,减少歧视;消费者则需要提高数字素养,提升算法意识,加强在人机互动中自主性、控制感和协同意识。

  (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎)

[责编:天天中]
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